Commie J-School

Oakland cops were livestreaming on May Day! Here’s the...

Fri, 28 Dec 2012 13:53:00 -0500

Oakland cops were livestreaming on May Day!

Here’s the first archive in a long list of video files that I received today. The audio seems to be missing and I’m checking with OPD to see if someone removed it on purpose.

My plan is to upload all the videos first, then watch them. If you see anything interesting, please let me know!

Thanks to Kristin Burgess for following up on my public records request. (Update ~ Kristin wrote me to say that the audio wasn’t removed: “If there is no audio, it could be because the microphone was accidentally turned off during recording.”)

~Justin

Update: Oakland cops respond to May Day records request

Mon, 02 Jul 2012 17:59:00 -0400

(Photo of livestreamer Jeff K. by Flickr user jsruby22)

Awhile back I asked the Oakland cops for emails sent or received May 1 by command staff that contain the terms “livestream,” “live stream,” “Ustream,” “pixplz” or “Justin Beck.”

Today they handed over the emails — all 5 of them, which was a lot fewer than I anticipated, and they didn’t even talk about me!

Email 1 - Email 2 - Email 3 - Email 4 - Email 5

What’s interesting to me about the emails is not that the cops were watching livestreams and reading Twitter to gather real-time intelligence on the May Day protests, since they’ve done this before. But I do wonder why they called for mutual aid so early that day — at 9:55 in the morning.

At that point, the marches and protests had just gotten underway and were so far peaceful. Twice on May Day I asked the cops’ chief of staff Chris Bolton why they had called for mutual aid at all, but I never got an answer.

A next step might be to request all of the updates throughout the day from OPD Operations.

-Justin

Get better at helping people feel comfortable on camera by...

Fri, 22 Jun 2012 19:03:40 -0400

Get better at helping people feel comfortable on camera by watching how Huell Howser does it.

There are so many awkward moments in this clip where it looks like it’s all going to fall apart. Huell keeps it together by being friendly, curious and confident the whole time.

This is an unedited, nearly 12-minute-long clip by Bill Marczak...

Wed, 20 Jun 2012 19:55:07 -0400

This is an unedited, nearly 12-minute-long clip by Bill Marczak and it’s a great example of how a skillful videographer can capture a scene in a long take. (I used “long shot” in an earlier post, which apparently isn’t the term preferred by movie people.)

A big difference of course between a long take in a feature film, such as Altman’s The Player, and a news video like the one above, is that the action is planned in the former but (hopefully!) not planned in the latter.

Despite the unpredictability of real life, there are some ways to make a video, whether it’s live and uncut or recorded and edited, look more cinematic:

Have a specific subject in mind and frame the subject purposefully. Get close, especially when you need clear audio such as someone’s voice.
Anticipate the action by watching and listening, and move your body and camera accordingly.
Follow the action and be fairly consistent in how you frame the subject and compose the shot.
Keep the camera as steady as possible. There’s always going to be some shake with a handheld device, but with a little practice it’s possible to reduce it. Something that helps me is to watch the edges of my phone’s LCD screen.
Hold a shot for a while, at least a few seconds, before choosing a different angle.
Staying still and letting the action unfold is a good rule when making a video, but sometimes panning is inevitable and even desirable. Pan with a purpose: Have a start and end point in mind first, then make the pan short and smooth. The same goes for zoom shots.

I hope you’ll find these tips useful. See you on the streets!

-Justin, who’s on summer break from teaching and has movies on his mind

One way to make your livestreams more appealing? You could try...

Wed, 20 Jun 2012 00:03:00 -0400

One way to make your livestreams more appealing? You could try being more like director Alfonso Cuarón. His 2006 film Children of Men featured many of what movie people call a long shot (or long take). In the compilation I’ve shared here, although none of the scenes has any edits, not a single frame gets wasted.

Livestreams often go long, sometimes for many hours in a row, and it can be a challenge to keep them interesting. Sure there’s more to a successful livestream than just the visual composition, but it’s important that it look good. So, I try to be more like Cuarón, go for the long shot and make every frame count.

Yesterday I streamed from Lakeview Elementary school in Oakland, on the fourth day of the sit-in. I was mostly happy with how the video turned out, and I was especially pleased with the part where the cops did a walk-through of the school building, along with the scenes just before and after. More and more I’ve been thinking about a livestream as a single, long shot, and so I hope I was able to express that idea to some extent in yesterday’s stream.

Side note: In Children of Men, Michael Caine plays a political cartoonist! (Sadly, his character gets murdered.)

-Justin

Update: Thanks to Richard for recommending Alexander Sokurov. Check out Russian Ark from 2002 (one very long shot that’s cut into several pieces on YouTube, unfortunately).

Here's a recipe for revolution in journalism

Wed, 30 May 2012 20:06:41 -0400

Start by getting a fancy Knight grant.
Catch some journalism ~~educators~~ blowhards.
Mix in some new media “innovators.”
Mold into insufferable douchebags.
Stick in the oven for 11 weeks and see what happens.

You never know who might be watching, it could be a cop

Sat, 26 May 2012 08:00:00 -0400

Back when I filed a Public Records Act request with the Oakland cops asking for their archived livestream footage from May Day, I also made a second request. This one was for any emails between the cops containing words and phrases that might shed some light on what else they were watching that day, namely, other people’s livestreams, like they apparently did mine on Jan. 28. (To speed things up, I revised the request a little later to include only command staff emails.)

If you recall the reply I got about my request for video footage, Kristin Burgess-Medeiros said they’d hand it over on or before Dec. 31. So I was happy to find out that I can expect not to wait nearly as long for the emails:

May 18, 2012

Mr. Justin Beck

Justin3000@gmail.com

SENT ONLY VIA EMAIL

Subject: Regular Records Act Request (RE: May 11, 2012-Public Records Act Request #9558)

Dear Mr. Beck:

This is in response to your public records request #9558, dated May 11, 2012, requesting email messages sent and received by OPD command staff on May 1, 2012 containing the words or phrases: “livestream”, “live stream”, “Ustream”, “pixplz” or “Justin Beck”.

Due to the Department’s limited staffing resources and the numerous public records requests related to Occupy Oakland, it will take some time for the Department to complete your request. Emails that are not exempt will be provided on or before July 31, 2012.

Sincerely, Kristin Burgess-Medeiros

Oakland Police Department

Office of Inspector General

455 7th Street, 9th Floor Oakland, CA 94607

(510) 238-7097

kburgess@oaklandnet.com

I’ll let you know when I hear more.

Now, if only I could figure out if any of those trolls that hang out in my chatroom are cops!

-Justin

The littlest journo

Fri, 18 May 2012 13:13:25 -0400

I just discovered the Pocket Journo site via the great Online News Association. The site was put together by the New Media Innovation Lab “to help journalists and bloggers who may not have had formal journalism training but are out covering stories on a regular basis.” It’s very mobile friendly and packed with great stuff from covering government meetings to ethical dilemmas to image rights — a must-bookmark for any CJS student.

Livestream cops, give us all your May Day movies

Tue, 08 May 2012 23:59:44 -0400

Oakland cops were livestreaming on May Day! Too bad we couldn’t watch!

So, the other day I filed a Public Records Act with request with the cops asking for their footage. Here’s their response:

Dear Mr. Beck:

This is in response to your public records request #9559, dated May 7, 2012, submitted to the Oakland Police Department asking for all archived livestream video footage recorded by the Oakland Police Department on May 1, 2012.

The Department is in the process of reviewing all video related to the Occupy Oakland activities, including May 1, 2012. Video must be reviewed and in some cases redacted. Some video may be exempt pursuant to California Government Code 6254(f) as investigation records or investigatory files related to an open and ongoing investigation. To the extent possible, the Department is working to process the video in date order.

Due to the Department’s limited staffing resources, the numerous public records requests related to Occupy Oakland, and the hundreds of hours of Occupy video to review for numerous occupy operations, it will take several months for the Department to complete your request. Video that is not exempt will be provided on or before December 31, 2012.

Sincerely,

Kristin Burgess-Medeiros
Oakland Police Department
Office of Inspector General
455 7th Street, 9th Floor
Oakland, CA 94607

(510) 238-7097
kburgess@oaklandnet.com

I’ll post again as soon as I hear more! -Justin

Share your ideas for better livestreaming

Sun, 22 Apr 2012 12:25:14 -0400

Since Mikal asked what people thought about “something akin to a ‘statement of best practices’” for livestreamers, I decided to start a document where we could begin to collaborate on such a thing.

Here’s the document, for anyone who’s interested in contributing or commenting. - @pixplz

"Washington Post investigative editor Jeff Leen suggested that there were 200 investigative reporters..."

Fri, 20 Apr 2012 14:24:00 -0400

“Washington Post investigative editor Jeff Leen suggested that there were 200 investigative reporters paid by news media in the U.S., which I calculate as one for every 1.5 million Americans. That’s not a ratio that’s going to hold many big institutions — government, business, labor — to account. Maybe that’s why as Logan participant and new-media vet Neil Budde tweeted, “How many times will ‘existential’ be used this weekend? I think count is six so far.””

- The newsonomics of risking it all, Nieman Labs report on the Logan Symposium on investigative journalism.

What is CJS?

Thu, 19 Apr 2012 11:16:00 -0400

A lot of the conversation about citizen journalism revolves around self-promotion on social media, WePay crowdfunding, and how to learn HTML to spiff up your personal website.

That’s not what CJS is — we want to rigorously explore the act of reporting and analyzing news. We are both graduates of traditional journalism schools, and we don’t think they should hold that education hostage, nor do we think it should come only with unpaid internships. Many worthy reporters can’t afford the time or debt for either of those options. We think they still deserve to know the best ways to file public records requests and make subjects comfortable in front of a camera.

CJS will host, for example, links to relevant stories of the day, tips and tricks for interviewing subjects, highlights on new tools, and much more.

We believe the current media is undergoing a kind of revolution. We are unabashedly arming the proletariat for that revolution. Welcome.

-Susie (@susie_c) and Justin (@pixplz)

Donna Eyestone’s video of the CJS Project’s first...

Wed, 18 Apr 2012 15:02:47 -0400

Donna Eyestone’s video of the CJS Project’s first public session, Sunday April 15 at Mosswood Park in Oakland, California.

"My own sense is that the loss in confidence in the press has to do with professionalization itself...."

Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:20:18 -0400

“My own sense is that the loss in confidence in the press has to do with professionalization itself. There was something missing or out of alignment in the ideas and ideals that mainstream journalism adopted when it began to think of itself as a profession starting in the 1920s. Whether it was newsroom objectivity, or the View from Nowhere, the production of innocence, the era of omniscience, the Voice of God, or the claim to provide “all the news,” whether it was the news tribe understood as a priesthood, monopoly status for metropolitan journalism, the identification with insiders, or an underlying media system that ran one way, in a one-to-many or broadcasting pattern… I don’t know. Maybe all those things.”

- Jay Rosen on the public’s loss of confidence in the professional news media (now at 44%).

"There’s a lot on the Internet that you can’t trust. But frankly, there’s a lot on..."

Tue, 17 Apr 2012 23:38:00 -0400

“There’s a lot on the Internet that you can’t trust. But frankly, there’s a lot on your bookshelf and the library shelves that you can’t trust either. There are books on UFOs and alien encounters that require some examination. There’s never been a medium that you could inherently trust. You still have to look at who’s telling you this and why are they telling you this. Is there anything else they should be telling you? That concept hasn’t changed. The Internet has made it easier to debunk hoaxes while at the same time making it easier to perpetrate them. Nothing’s really changed but the technology.”

- For Snopes.com, Debunking the Bambi Hoax Was All in a Day’s Work

Reporter safety in civil unrest

Sun, 15 Apr 2012 23:07:00 -0400

Mikal Jakubal is a volunteer EMT and firefighter in Northern California, and a veteran street medic. These are his reporting tips for citizen journalists covering civil unrest situations.

Basic street tactics and chemical weapons awareness for citizen journalists

Know Before You Go: Personal Risk Assessment

Decide how important the story is to you and what you’re willing to risk beforehand. Consider the health, economic, social and legal consequences if you get gassed, beaten, arrested, held in jail for a week and so on. Decide what you can handle, prepare accordingly and set clear personal risk thresholds that you won’t cross or will at least recognize and reevaluate in the moment. Getting arrested in the service of a cause or story is exciting, feels righteous and gives you a new story to tell. Unexpected gassing if you’re asthmatic, unplanned arrest when your dog is locked in your apartment, or getting jailed for a week and losing your job can leave you disempowered and burnt out.

Situational Awareness: What Is Going On Around Here?

For both reporting and safety purposes, you need to maintain good situational awareness at all times. This will allow you to recognize when you’re approaching the personal risk threshold that you’ve set, above.

Situational awareness, in practical terms, means knowing where you are both the geographical and social landscape, where the protesters (and any counter-protesters) are now and where they’re going, where the cops are and where they’re going; knowing the likely course of events based on past history of similar events and stated intent the action at hand; and keeping in mind escape routes (should you want to leave the area) and temporary safe zones where you can fall back while still staying near the action.

Temporary safe zones could be side streets, BART stations (always have a ticket on you), restaurants or businesses, the lobby of an apartment building and so on. If there is a risk of projectile weaponry being used, make a mental note of any nearby cover you can use for protection, including small things like phone poles or fire hydrants. Pay attention to wind direction and stay upwind any time tear gas or pepper spray might be deployed. This is something to make a habit of wherever you are.

Use social media and, ideally, a buddy system to keep informed on what is happening in places you can’t directly see. Set this up in advance by getting on protest text loops, finding the people live-reporting the protest on Twitter, finding out which news helicopters might be overhead and watching their feeds on a smartphone and so on. A buddy can run over to the next block to see what’s happening, as well as watch your back while you shoot photos or video.

Usually the best place for reporting is also the best place for safety and maintaining situational awareness, namely, right near the front lines but slightly off to one side (the upwind side if gas is anticipated). You can see when the cops don gas masks (suggesting they intend to use gas), anticipate likely clashes, see a squad of riot cops peel off and head down a side street on a flanking maneuver, see “kettling” maneuvers early on, see when projectile weapons are being aimed and so on.

Tear Gas

First and foremost: tear gas is not a chemical weapon, but a psychological one. It allows authorities to control people primarily through fear. The visual shock of billowing gas clouds and the discomfort the gas causes are temporary. Anyone who has ever smashed a finger in a door, sprained an ankle or had strep throat has experienced more severe and more enduring pain. Be aware that sometimes, authorities will use smoke canisters instead of tear gas. Smoke is much less physically problematic, but often has a similar psychological effect on a crowd as gas.

Tear gas burns your eyes and nose and makes you cough, but it subsides quickly and the countermeasures and treatments are easy. The military makes all recruits take off their masks in a chamber filled with gas in order to get experience under a controlled environment. Once you eliminate the fear, you eliminate the power of the gas over you. After that, it’s a simple matter of dealing with relatively minor physical impacts.

It’s important to understand that tear “gas” is not gas, but a fine powder released when the canisters burn like fireworks. As such, it behaves more like dust than gas. It will blow downwind, settle into low areas and eddy and concentrate in hollows and alcoves. This is why paying attention to wind direction is important.

Gas canisters are either be fired from rifles or thrown by hand into the crowd. Fired canisters range in size from several inches long to large, soup-can-sized canisters fired from long range.

The greatest danger from tear gas is not breathing the gas, but being hit by one of these canisters. A direct hit in a sensitive part of the body can be crippling or fatal. (If you are asthmatic or have some other respiratory system compromise, you are in a different situation and your risk threshold will be much lower with regard to chemical agents.) The canisters are also hot and can cause serious burns if you pick them up with bare hands.

If gas is used, remain calm and assess the situation. Try to remind yourself to stop, think and take a breath or two before acting. Seek cover from canisters before worrying about the gas itself. If you see rifles being aimed toward you, duck behind anything or hit the deck, covering your head. Even hiding behind a light post will protect your head and vital organs, as will a backpack if you’re wearing one.

Do not run! If you must evacuate the immediate area, walk briskly while constantly keeping an eye on what’s going on with the cops. You need to know if they’re aiming guns at you or advancing on the protesters to make arrests. If you run, you won’t be able to see what is going on and risk tripping or trampling someone else. Maintain situational awareness at all times.

Trampling or running injuries are the second biggest danger with tear gas. It is rarely necessary to remove yourself very far. If you pay attention to the way the gas is dispersing, you can often walk a short distance upwind or crosswind to escape the main gas concentrations. Or, if you need to go through a cloud of it, hold your breath, close your eyes and dash to the clear air on the other side. Typically, protesters run blocks away, often downwind the way the gas is blowing. More than likely, a half-block or less will do. Return back to your reporting as soon as the gas begins to disperse. That is often only a couple minutes.

Since the cops usually only use gas when the protesters are downwind, the air may clear closest to the police line first. This is another advantage to staying near the front and off to one side. You often will not even have to move very far.

Keeping in mind that tear gas is a psychological weapon, you don’t want to give in to panic and fear. Everyone who runs feeds others’ impulse to run. As journalists, you’re more prepared and more savvy than the average person who shows up not knowing what they were getting into. Use that position to be the one who acts as a calming force. Help others who are in trouble to find a medic or a safe exit route.

Anti-Gas Measures

You don’t need a gas mask. They are expensive, cumbersome and mark you as a target. Many cities have outlawed gas masks, but only enforce the law during times of large protests.

To protect your eyes, swim goggles or ski goggles are usually sufficient. With ski goggles, be sure to tape over the vent holes on the sides. The open foam they come with will let gas in. To protect your mouth, nose and lungs, a damp bandana is sufficient for all but the worst gas attacks unless you’re a medic who needs to remain in the thick of things, or a videographer who needs continuous footage. If you want more protection than a bandana, a cheap paint respirator or a HEPA-filter disposable mask works fine. If you decide you need a gas mask, the military knock-offs are the best. (Look up what the most current model is.)

WARNING! Some cheap gas masks, like the Israeli ones that many people used back in the ’90s (and which are probably still available) do NOT have shatter-proof lenses. They are made for sitting in bunkers, not combat, and can shatter glass into your eyes if hit by a projectile or billy club. Do not use these. You’re better off with a dust mask and ski goggles.

Don’t wear makeup, lipstick or sunscreen if you can avoid it, because tear gas powder and pepper spray stick to it. If it’s a sunny day, use non-oily sunscreen and try to wipe waxy lip sunscreen off immediately if you suspect chemical agents will be used.

Soaking a bandana in water will help filter gas. Better for wetting bandanas is “L.A.W.”—Liquid Antacid and Water in a 50/50 mix. LAW is harmless and can be used as an eyewash and mouthwash and snorted to sooth nostrils. LAW is what most street medics carry for tear gas and pepperspray relief. Fill a small squirt bottle half with water, half with liquid antacid and keep it handy on your belt. Use the unflavored kind. It is available in most supermarkets or drug stores. Maalox is a common brand, but generic brands are much cheaper.

DO NOT use vinegar, lemon juice or anything else and be sure to ask what is in any mix before letting someone else rinse your eyes. Water, medical saline solution, liquid antacid (or milk of magnesia) and some herbal and homeopathic mixtures are the only things you want put in your eyes.

Wear glasses and not contacts if chemical agents are anticipated. If you’re wearing contacts and are gassed, remove the contacts and flush your eyes with water or LAW. The gas particles will get under the contacts and cause increased irritation.

Pepper Spray

Pepper spray is used at close range or shot at protesters in paint-ball-like projectiles called “pepper balls”. Unlike tear gas, it is a liquid that sticks to skin. It requires active remedial measures to reduce the effects.

If you’re paying attention, you’ll usually be able to see riot cops pull out their pepper spray canisters, giving you time to step out of the way. They look like miniature fire extinguishers. Stay upwind if possible and to the side of where they are likely to spray. Being a short-range crowd-control weapon, you don’t need to be too far away to avoid getting sprayed.

Don’t feed panic or powerlessness by running. Move as calmly as you can out of the way.

If sprayed, close your eyes tightly, hold your breath and protect your face till the spraying stops. Dab the liquid off with a bandana and avoid the temptation to rub your eyes. It will make it much worse. Watch for drippings off your head running into your eyes or nose. Remove contacts. Rinse your eyes, nose and mouth with LAW or water and dab off. It will hurt more than tear gas and hurt for a while, but it is still nothing worse than most of us have experienced and will experience many times again.

If you’re sprayed and can’t see, be mindful of the risk of tripping or falling as you leave the area. Even if it hurts, your attitude and mental state is still something you can exercise control over. If you’re able to see and walk safely, consider helping guide someone who has been sprayed to a safe area.

Chemical agent exposure aftercare

If possible, remove all contaminated clothing outside before going into your house or car. Launder it thoroughly. Shower as soon as possible.

Most healthy people will not have long-term reactions to pepper spray or tear gas, though after severe and extended exposures to gas in Seattle in 1999 and Quebec City in 2002, many people developed chronic health conditions they attributed to those exposures. There was an anecdotal consensus among protesters that more debilitating formulations of gas were used after the first day’s protest in Seattle. I’m unsure if any real studies were ever done or anything proven.

Less-lethal Rounds

These are projectiles other than bullets fired from rifles. They include wooden dowels, pepperballs, steel-shot bags and rubber-coated steel bullets. Hand-thrown “flash-bang” grenades are also often used on protesters as well.

Their purpose is, like tear gas, to disorient people and induce fear and panic in a crowd. All these types of rounds leave painful bruising and swelling if they hit arms or legs. If hit, you will probably want to quit the protest for the day due to the pain, but the majority of the crowd will disperse based on fear of being hit, not the pain of actually being hit. Flash-bangs are harmless unless they blow up right near your head and face. They are like huge firecrackers. Like tear gas, all of these are primarily psychological weapons.

While the authorities refer to these as “less-than-lethal” weapons, protesters usually refer to them by the more truthful label “less-often-lethal” or “less-lethal” weapons, since they can easily be lethal or crippling if they hit you in the face, head or neck.

The counter-measures involve being aware of cops with rifles and where they are being pointed and taking cover if necessary.

If less-lethal rounds are being used, stay low and keep the shooters in sight so you know if you have to hit the deck or seek cover. Don’t feed the panic by running. Move laterally if possible, not down the line of fire. Look for anything to hide behind. Even a narrow light pole can protect your face and head, even if protruding shoulders or hips were hit.

If hit, seek medical attention, even if the injury is not life-threatening. You’ll want professional medical documentation for future civil suits. Take your own pictures as well and document the incident in detail as soon as you can.

And write a story about it.

Digging deeper

Sun, 15 Apr 2012 23:03:00 -0400

We tend to think of investigative journalism as the territory of paid professionals, but that’s absurd — citizens are empowered to muckrake just as well as staff writers at newspapers. Here are some resources to help get you started.

The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press has a great Freedom of Information Act letter generator to expedite the process for filing information requests of federal agencies. There’s also information on that page about filing Public Records Act requests in California — more on that at Citizen’s Media Law page on PRA. Court records can also be fruitful, but they tend to come at a higher per-page price.

You can request documents as PDF files sent to you digitally, but some agencies might still want to charge you a per-page fee; in Alameda County that’s 10 cents, which can add up. Ask for a fee reduction. They don’t have to give it to you, but they might, and it would help. Splitting requests among a group of citizen reporters can help. Then we recommend paying it forward: put your spoils online and crowdsource your raking.

Some standards

Sun, 15 Apr 2012 21:18:00 -0400

SPJ sez: Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance. Recognize that private people have a greater right to control information about themselves than do public officials and others who seek power, influence or attention. Only an overriding public need can justify intrusion into anyone’s privacy.

Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by news coverage. Use special sensitivity when dealing with children and inexperienced sources or subjects. Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of those affected by tragedy or grief.

Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges. Balance a criminal suspect’s fair trial rights with the public’s right to be informed.

Talk to people with whom you do not agree — people you may find personally or professionally repugnant quite often have very interesting things to say. If you are writing a flattering story about someone, you should not speak only to that person; if you are writing an unflattering story about someone, you should make sure to speak to that person.

SPJ sez: Diligently seek out subjects of news stories to give them the opportunity to respond to allegations of wrongdoing.

Fail gracefully: take criticism and corrections as opportunities.

SPJ sez:Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.

Where are you coming from?

Sun, 15 Apr 2012 20:44:00 -0400

Are you a citizen journalist, an advocate, an activist? What is the purpose of your coverage? Who are you working for or on behalf of? Be aware of your personal biases and opinions, and be transparent about them. Embrace them if you want, but at the least acknowledge their existence.

Society of Professional Journalists sez: Distinguish between advocacy and news reporting. Analysis and commentary should be labeled and not misrepresent fact or context. Examine your own cultural values and avoid imposing those values on others. Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived. Disclose unavoidable conflicts. Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity or damage credibility.